Winchester Enfield Model 1917 Serial Numbers

Jan 23, 2006 - The M1917 is based on the British Pattern 13 Enfield that was at the time. This became the Pattern 1914 and was made by Remington and Winchester. I have a model 1917 Eddystone with serial number 148 110 made. Number of grooves 5. Point out that referring to the M1917 Rifle as a P-17 or an Enfield is. Of the Enfield, Remington, Eddystone, and Winchester.

• 1917 Enfield Serial Numbers
• Winchester Enfield Model 1917 Serial Numbers

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Joining Springfield Armory in producing the Model 1917,Winchester and other contractors helped produce over two million ofthese rifles during the war years.

Circa 1914 Britain/U.S. Enfield Bolt-Action Box-Magazine Rifle(repeater/ breech-loading/ smokeless powder/ cartridge ammunition)During the First World War, both Britain and the United States usedEnfield rifles of the type seen here. Designed in Britain and madein the U.S. by Remington, Winchester, and Eddystone Arsenal, thisis one of the simplest and sturdiest bolt-action rifles everproduced. U.S. Army Sergeant Alvin York carried an Enfield in 1917when he won the Medal of Honor for capturing nearly the wholeGerman army.' In fact, more of these arms were used by U.S. forcesthan by Britain. All those who used it found it fast and simple tooperate.' --Dr. William L. Roberts, THE AMERICAN LIBERTYCOLLECTION; #121

The British government armory at Enfield Lock, Middlesex, wasfounded in 1804 to assemble Brown Bess muskets for use by thecountry's military forces. In 1841, a fire destroyed the governmentrifle shops at the Tower of London, consequently, Enfield took overmany of the responsibilities formerly carried out at the Tower.

Over the years, the Enfield armory produced a variety of armsfor the British Crown, including the famous Rifle Musket Pattern1853, which saw extensive use with both Union and Confederatearmies during the American Civil War. Over 500,000 of these armswere imported during the conflict, making them second only toSpringfield Armory-produced longarms in terms of usage during thewar. In addition to the standard .577 caliber Enfields, anexperimental .45 caliber hexagonal bore model was produced. Theseyielded outstanding accuracy with their special fitted bullets, andalthough they were generally not issued as service arms, theseWhitworths were used by Confederates as a sniper arm.Enfield-produced arms also include the breech-loading single-shotMartini-Henry rifle, the Lee-Metford, the Short MagazineLee-Enfield, or No. 1 Rifle, along with several variants of thisdesign. These rifles, which were adopted in 1902, served withBritish and Commonwealth infantrymen into the 1950s.

A later bolt-action magazine rifle, designated the Pattern 1914,was inspired by the U.S. Model 1903 'Springfield.' The onlyMauser-pattern arm ever adopted by British forces, these rifleswere developed at Enfield. Britain's involvement in the First WorldWar prevented full-scale production in England, but the .303British caliber P-14, later designated the Model 3, was produced ingreat numbers under contract in the United States by Winchester andRemington, and at Eddystone Arsenal in Pennsylvania. P-14 and No. 1rifles served as the workhorses for British, Canadian, Australian,and New Zealand troops during the war.

More accurate than the No. 1, many P-14s were fitted with Aldisor Pattern 1918 telescopic sights for use by the British Army assniper rifles. Later designated the Rifle No. 3, over 4 millionP-14s were produced in .30-Ô06 caliber as the U.S. Model 1917Magazine Rifle for use by American troops 'Over There.' These werethe principal U.S. battle rifle during the war, and many P-14s andM1917s continued in service with both British and American forcesthrough the early days of the Second World War.

Oliver Fisher Winchester was born on November 30, 1810 inBoston, Massachusetts. Although raised on a farm, Winchestereventually became a carpenter, and by 1830, he was a constructionsupervisor in Baltimore, Maryland. While in Baltimore, he enteredthe dry goods business, and after several years, Winchester becamea manufacturer of men's shirts in New Haven, Connecticut. Thisventure proved to be sufficiently profitable that he began toextend his business interests.

In 1855, Winchester became a stockholder and director of theVolcanic Repeating Arms Company, a firearms manufacturing firm thatbrought together the talents of Winchester with those of HoraceSmith, Daniel B. Wesson, and B. Tyler Henry. Volcanic producedlever-action repeating pistols and carbines based on the patents ofSmith & Wesson. These two, who would later become famous fortheir revolvers, had followed up on the earlier repeating rifledesigns of Walter Hunt and Lewis Jennings. Smith and Wesson soldtheir patents and other assets to the newly-organized VolcanicCompany, and after a short time, both left Volcanic and began workon the first of many revolvers to bear their names.

The Volcanic's operating mechanism was very similar to thatstill used today in lever-action repeaters, but the guns wereplagued by problems with their self-contained cartridges. Theseconsisted of a hollow-based, powder-filled conical bullet backed bya fulminate primer plate. In addition to problems with velocity dueto the limited amount of propellant available, these rounds alsohad the unfortunate tendency to go off prematurely, sometimes whilestill in the magazine. A further complication was the Volcanic'slack of an extractor or ejection system. These were not necessarywhen the ammunition functioned properly, but their lack createdadditional problems in case of misfires. Consequently, marketingand sales efforts were hampered.

In 1857, financial problems forced Volcanic into insolvency. Thecompany's assets were purchased by Oliver Winchester, who by thistime had become Volcanic's president. Winchester reorganized thefirm and resumed operations under the name of New Haven ArmsCompany. Unlike others in the field of firearms manufacture duringthis period, Winchester's talents lay not as an inventor but as asuccessful businessman. This success would continue with New Haven,and it extended beyond financial matters to the staffing of the newcompany.

Among those hired by Oliver Winchester was B. Tyler Henry, whobecame plant manager. Henry had a great deal of experience withrepeating firearms, having worked previously for various armsmakers, including Smith & Wesson. One of his tasks was todevelop a metallic cartridge to replace the inferior self-containedbullets chambered by the Volcanic. Others, including Daniel Wesson,were also working on this problem, and Wesson's .22 rimfirecartridge may have influenced Henry's efforts.

By 1860, Henry had developed a .44 rimfire, and he then turnedhis efforts to modifying the Volcanic to load, fire, and extracthis new cartridge. His subsequent patent for these improvements wasassigned to the New Haven Arms Co. The firm abandoned its pistolline and concentrated its efforts on the manufacture oflever-action rifles of Henry's design which also bore his name.

The coming of the Civil War brought with it a great demand forfirearms. Although the Henry, with its sixteen-shot tubularmagazine and impressive rate of fire was a truly revolutionaryrifle, conservative elements within the U.S. Army favored thetried-and-true single-shot muzzle loading rifle-muskets as astandard infantry arm. The government did place orders for a totalof over 1,700 Henry rifles, and many of these were issued totroopers of the 1st Maine and 1st District of Columbia Cavalryregiments. Many more found their way into the ranks through privatepurchase. These rifles provided Union troops with a formidableadvantage over their enemies. At least one awed Confederatereferred to the Henry as 'that damned Yankee rifle that can beloaded on Sunday and fired all week!'

In 1867, the New Haven Arms Company was re-organized and becameknown as the Winchester Repeating Arms Company, with OliverWinchester serving as president, treasurer, and board member. Thenew company also introduced a new firearm, the Winchester Model1866. These .44 rimfire caliber brass-framed arms were available inmusket, rifle, and carbine configurations. Winchester still hopedto crack the military market, but despite the Henry's success andits popularity during the Civil War, the Army remained wedded tothe single-shot rifle. Nonetheless, Henry and Winchester Model 1866'Yellow Boy' rifles found a ready market on the westernfrontier.

The Indians referred to these arms as 'many shots,' and 'spiritgun,' which showed a measure of awe and respect for the products ofthe New Haven-based company. Many warriors were able to obtainthese arms for themselves, and more than twenty of them were usedagainst George A. Custer's 7th Cavalry and their single-shotSpringfield carbines at the Little Bighorn in June, 1876.Winchester repeaters also found favor with miners, homesteaders,ranchers, lawmen, and highwaymen.

1917 Enfield Serial Numbers

Winchester's success continued with the centerfire Model 1873and 1876 lever-action repeaters, both of which were available in arange of calibers and optional features. The Model 1886 was amilestone for the company in two respects: it marked the firstassociation between Winchester and designer John Browning, and itwas also the first lever-action rifle capable of chamberingbig-game calibers, including the .50-110 Express cartridge. OtherBrowning-designed Winchesters include the Model 1885 single-shotrifle, Model 1887 lever-action shotgun, Model 1890 slide-actionrifle, Model 1893, Model 1894, and Model 1895 lever-action rifles.The Model 1894 alone accounted for over five million sales and isstill in production. Winchester was able to enter the militarymarket in later years, with sales both to foreign governments andto the U.S. Army.

During both World Wars, Winchester-manufactured rifles andshotguns served U.S. and Allied troops in various parts of theglobe. In addition to contract production of the U.S. Model 1917bolt-action and the famous M1 Garand semi-automatic rifles,Winchester also produced the Model 1897 and Model 12 slide-actionshotguns, as well as the M1 Carbine.

In the civilian market, the bolt-action Model 70 rifle is stillpopular with big game hunters, and Winchester lever-action riflescontinue to meet with sales success. Under his leadership OliverWinchester saw his company rise from near-bankruptcy to become oneof the most successful firearms manufacturing firms in the world.He was a gifted businessman who was able to foresee opportunitiesand to make the most of them, and a skilled judge of people andtheir abilities, as evidenced both by the success of his companyand by his association with men such as Horace Smith, Daniel B.Wesson, B. Tyler Henry, and John Browning. Declining health forcedhim to take a less active role in the affairs of his firm, but thecompany's continued success was all but assured by his vision andleadership.

Oliver Winchester died in December, 1880 at the age of 70, butboth his name and his company survive. The Winchester RepeatingArms Company was acquired by Olin Corporation, which created U.S.Repeating Arms as the manufacturer of Winchester rifles andshotguns. In addition, Winchester arms were produced by Miroku ofJapan. In 1992, U.S. Repeating Arms was purchased by Giat ofFrance.

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The M1917 Enfield, the 'American Enfield', formally named 'United States Rifle, cal .30, Model of 1917' is an American modification and production of the .303-inch (7.7 mm)Pattern 1914 Enfield (P14) rifle (listed in British Service as Rifle No. 3) developed and manufactured during the period 1917–1918. Numerically, it was the main rifle used by the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe during World War I. The Danish Slædepatruljen Sirius still use the M1917, which performs reliably in Arctic conditions, as their service weapon.

• 1History

History[edit]

Before World War I, the British had the Short Magazine Lee–Enfield (SMLE) as their main rifle. Compared to the German Mausers or U.S. 1903 Springfield, the SMLE's .303 rimmed cartridge, originally a black powder cartridge, was ill-suited for feeding in magazine or belt-fed weapons and the SMLE was thought to be less accurate than its competition at longer ranges. The long-range accuracy of German 7×57mm Model 1893 and 1895 Mausers in the hands of Boer marksmen during the Boer War (1899 -1902) made a big impression on the British Army, and a more powerful, modern rifle was desired. Thus, even though improved Lee–Enfield variants (the SMLE) and .303 British Mark VII ammunition with pointed (spitzer) projectiles entered service after the Boer War in 1910, a committee was formed to develop an entirely new design of rifle and cartridge. The starting point was to copy many of the features of the Mauser system. The rifle was developed at the Royal Small Arms Factory at Enfield (arsenal) in the United Kingdom.

This development named the Pattern 1913 Enfield or P13, included a front locking, dual lug bolt action with Mauser type claw extractor as well as a new, powerful rimless .276 Enfield cartridge. The design carried over a Lee–Enfield type safety at the rear of the action and a bolt that cocked on closing to ease unlocking of the bolt during rapid fire. An advanced design, for the era, of aperture rearsight and a long sight radius were incorporated to maximize accuracy potential. Ease of manufacture was also an important criterion. However, the onset of World War I came too quickly for the UK to put it into production before the new cartridge could be perfected, as it suffered from overheating in rapid fire and bore fouling.

As it entered World War I, the UK had an urgent need for rifles, and contracts for the new rifle were placed with arms companies in the United States. They decided to ask these companies to produce the new rifle design in the old .303 British chambering for convenience of ammunition logistics. The new rifle was termed the 'Pattern 14'. In the case of the P14 rifle, Winchester and Remington were selected. A third manufacturer, Eddystone Arsenal – a subsidiary of Remington – was tooled up at the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Eddystone, Pennsylvania. Thus, three variations of the P14 and M1917 exist, labeled 'Winchester,' 'Remington' or 'Eddystone'.

World War I[edit]

When the U.S. entered the war, it had a similar need for rifles. The Springfield Armory had delivered approximately 843,000 M1903 Springfield rifles, but due to the difficulties in production, rather than re-tool the Pattern 14 factories to produce the standard U.S. rifle, the M1903 Springfield, it was realized that it would be much quicker to adapt the British design. Although it might have been faster to retain chambering for the .303 British military cartridge, the design was modified for the U.S. .30-06 Springfield cartridge to simplify ammunition logistics. The Enfield design was well-suited to the .30-06 Springfield; it was a big, strong action and was originally intended to employ a long, powerful, rimless bottlenecked cartridge. Accordingly, Remington Arms Co. altered the design for caliber .30-06 Springfield, under the close supervision of the U.S. Army Ordnance Department, which was formally adopted as the U.S. Rifle, Caliber .30, Model of 1917. In addition to Remington's production at Ilion, New York and Eddystone, Pennsylvania, Winchester produced the rifle at their New Haven, Connecticut plant, a combined total more than twice the 1903's production, and was the unofficial service rifle. Eddystone made 1,181,908 rifles – more than the production of Remington (545,541 rifles) and Winchester (465,980 rifles) combined.^[2][3]Although standardization with interchangeable parts was intended, early Winchester rifles (including the first five-thousand with a simple W on the receiver rather than Winchester) used slightly differing parts, causing interchangeability issues with the rifles produced by Remington and Eddystone until Winchester corrected the problem in later production.^[4]

Design changes were few; the stripper clip feed, internal box magazine, bolt face, chamber and rifling dimensions were altered to suit the .30-06 Springfield cartridge and the US pattern 5-round stripper clips, the stock was slightly redesigned, lightening it somewhat, and the volley fire sights on the left side of the weapon were deleted. The markings were changed to reflect the model and caliber change. A 16.5-inch blade bayonet, the M1917 bayonet was produced for use on the rifle; it was later used on several other small arms including the M97 and M12trench shotguns and early M1 Garands.

The new rifle was used alongside the M1903 Springfield, and quickly surpassed the Springfield design in numbers produced and units issued. By November 11, 1918 about 75% of the AEF in France were armed with M1917s.^[5]

An M1917 Enfield rifle was used by Sergeant Alvin C. York on October 8, 1918, during the event for which he was awarded the Medal of Honor, as the U.S. 82nd Division's (which York was a part of) official history states the division had been issued the M1917 (Eddystone), then replaced them with the No 1 Mk III Lee-Enfield whilst training with the British in the north of France, then were reissued M1917 rifles (Eddystone).^[6] According to his diary, Sergeant York also used a Colt M1911 semi-automatic pistol on that day.^[7][8] (The film Sergeant York starring Gary Cooper in the title role, had York using an M1903 Springfield and a German Luger pistol.)

After the armistice, most M1917 rifles were placed in storage, although Chemical Mortar units continued to be issued them. During the 1920s and 1930s many M1917 rifles were released for civilian use through the NRA, or were sold as surplus. Many were 'sporterized', sometimes including rechambering to more powerful magnum hunting cartridges, such as .300 H&H Magnum and .300 Winchester Magnum. It was so popular as a sporting weapon that Remington manufactured about 30,000 new rifles as the Model 30 from 1921 to 1940.

World War II[edit]

At the time of the American entry into World War II, the U.S. Army was still issuing the M1917 to Chemical Mortarmen. Perhaps due to M1 Garand shortages at the start of the war, the M1917 was also issued to artillerymen early in the war and both mortarmen and artillerymen carried the M1917 in North Africa. Lieutenant Colonel Charles E. Peterson (USAR, retired; 1920–2005), a Major in the 101st Airborne in the Normandy action, reported seeing some M1917 rifles issued to rear-echelon US troops in France during World War II. Other M1917 rifles were issued to the Philippine Commonwealth Army and Philippine Constabulary.^[9] After the fall of the Philippines, M1917 rifles were used by Japanese police forces^[10] as well as by U.S. and Filipino soldiers with the local guerrillas before the liberation of the Philippines. These rifles were also used by the Hukbalahap.^[11]

Before and during World War II, stored rifles were reconditioned for use as reserve, training and Lend-Lease weapons; these rifles are identified by having refinished metal (sandblasted and Parkerized) and sometimes replacement wood (often birch). Some of these rifles were reconditioned with new bolts manufactured by the United Shoe Machinery Company and stamped USMC leading to the mistaken impression these were United States Marine Corps rifles.^[12] Many were bought by the United Kingdom through the British Purchasing Commission for use by the Home Guard; 615,000 arrived in Britain in the summer of 1940, followed by a further 119,000 in 1941.^[13] These were prominently marked with a red paint stripe around the stock to avoid confusion with the earlier P14 that used the British .303 round. Others were supplied to the Nationalist Chinese forces, to indigenous forces in the China-Burma-India theatre, to Filipino soldiers under the Philippine Army and Constabulary units and the local guerrilla forces and to the Free French Army, which can occasionally be seen in wartime photographs. The M1917 was also issued to the Local Defence Force of the Irish Army during World War II, these were part-time soldiers akin to the British Home Guard. In an ironic reversal of names, in Irish service the M1917 was often referred to as the 'Springfield'; presumably since an 'Enfield' rifle was assumed to be the standard Irish MkIII Short Magazine Lee–Enfield, while 'Springfield' was known to be an American military arsenal.

The M1917 was supplied to both Denmark and Norway after WWII as an interim weapon prior to the arrival of the M1 Garand.

Korean War and after[edit]

After World War II, the M1917 went out of front-line duty with the US forces. Chinese Communist forces used M1917 rifles during the Korean War.^[14] This rifle was also used, unofficially, in small Middle-East and African conflicts as a military-assistance program supplied rifle.

Contemporary use[edit]

The M1917 is used as a ceremonial and drilling rifle, as with the M1903, M1 Garand, and M14. For battle purposes, the Danish Slædepatruljen Sirius still use the M1917 as their service weapon, due to the high reliability of these bolt-action rifles in the harsh conditions of high Arctic Greenland.^[15]

Design details[edit]

Like the M1903 Springfield, the M1917 actually used the basic Mauser M98 bolt action design coupled with a few modifications. Due to the original P13 action being designed for a high-powered .276 Enfield round with a larger diameter case than the .30-06 Springfield, the magazine capacity for the smaller diameter .30-06 Springfield was six rounds, although stripper clips held only five cartridges.

Both P14 and M1917 rifles are noted for several design features. The rifle was designed with an iron sight line consisting of rear receiver aperture battle sight calibrated for 400 yd (366 m) with an additional ladder aperture sight that could be flipped up and was calibrated for 200–900 yd (183–823 m) in 100 yd (91 m) increments and 900–1,600 yd (823–1,463 m) in 50 yd (46 m) increments. The ladder aperture sight moves vertically on a slide, and hence was not able to correct for wind drift. The rear sight element was protected by sturdy 'ears' and proved to be faster and more accurate than the typical mid-barrel sight offered by Mauser, Enfield or the Buffington battle sight of the M1903 Springfield. Future American rifles, such as the M1903A3 Springfield, M1 Garand and M1 carbine, would all use similar rear sights. The front sighting element consisted of a wing-protected front post, and was adjusted laterally and locked into position during assembly at the arsenal. The M1917 rear sight element was situated on an elongated receiver bridge, which added weight to the action, as well as lengthening the bolt. The M1917 has a 31.76 in (806.7 mm) sight radius. The battle sight radius is slightly shorter at 31.69 in (804.9 mm).^[16]The M1917 action weighs 58 oz (1,644 g) versus 45 oz (1,276 g) for the M1903 Springfield.

The rifle maintains the British cock-on-closing feature, in which the bolt's mainspring is loaded and the rifle cocked as part of the return stroke of the bolt, which aided rapid fire, especially as the action heated up. Most bolt action designs after the Mauser 98 cocked as part of the opening stroke. The rifle has a characteristic 'belly' due to a deeper magazine, allowing the rifle to hold six rounds of the US .30-06 cartridge in the magazine, and one in the chamber. The M1917 Enfield like the Mauser Gewehr 98 had no magazine cut-off mechanism, which when engaged permits the feeding and extraction of single cartridges only while keeping the cartridges in the magazine in reserve. In a manufacturing change from the Mauser 98 and the derivative Springfield, the bolt is not equipped with a third 'safety' lug. Instead, as on the earlier Model 1895 (Chilean) Mauser, the bolt handle recesses into a notch in the receiver, which serves as an emergency locking lug in the event of failure of the frontal locking lugs. This change saved machine time needed on the rifle bolt, cutting costs and improving production rates, and this alteration has since been adopted by many commercial bolt-action rifle designs for the same reasons.The unusual 'dog-leg' shaped bolt handle is low profile and places the bolt knob just rearwards of the trigger close to the firer's hand, facilitating rapid cycling and fire. Like the Lee–Enfield, P13 and P14, the safety falls under the firer's thumb and can be operated silently.The M1917 Enfield bolt locking lugs had a 4 degree helical angle with matching angles on the receiver lug seats (the technical term is interrupted threading). This means that final head space is not achieved until the bolt handle is turned down all the way. The design probably used helical locking lugs to allow for chambering imperfect or dirty ammunition and that the closing cam action is distributed over the entire mating faces of both bolt and receiver lugs. This is one reason the bolt closure feels smooth. The angled lugs had no tendency to unwind with chamber pressure since the 'angle of repose' of smooth, lubricated steel surfaces is approximately 8 degrees. One advantage was that when the bolt handle was turned up was that the lugs cleared each other immediately so full effort was applied to the extraction cam. The trigger had a mechanical interlock to prevent firing unless the bolt was fully locked. The location of the safety on the right rear of the receiver has also been copied by most sporting bolt-action rifles since, as it falls easily under the firer's thumb. The trigger pull is ≥ 3 lb_f (13.3 N). One notable design flaw was the leaf spring that powered the ejector, which could break off and render the ejector inoperable. A combat-expedient repair method was to slip a bit of rubber under the bolt stop spring.^[17] A redesigned ejector, incorporating a small coil spring in place of the fragile leaf spring, was developed and can be fitted to the M1917 to remedy this issue.

The M1917 was well-suited to the rimless .30-06 Springfield round which came closer in overall length and muzzle energy to the original .276 Enfield high-velocity round for which the rifle had been designed than the rimmed, less powerful .303 British round of the P14. The M1917's barrel had a 1 in 10 in (254 mm) twist rate and retained the 5-groove left hand twist Enfield-type rifling of the P14, in contrast to the 4-groove right hand twist rifling of the M1903 Springfield and other US designed arms. The M1917 had a long 26-inch heavyweight barrel compared to the lighter 24-inch barrel of the M1903 Springfield. With the longer sighting plane, the M1917 proved generally more accurate at long distances than the M1903, at the expense of greater weight. The M1917 weighed 9 lb 3 oz (4.17 kg) empty – the M1903 Springfield weighed 8 lb 11 oz (3.94 kg) empty – and a rifle with sling, oiler, and fixed bayonet weighed over 11 lb (4.99 kg). The M1917's long barrel and issued 16.5 in (419 mm) blade bayonet proved too lengthy and cumbersome for trench fighting, while its weight and overall length made the rifle difficult to use for some smaller-statured soldiers.

Many M1917 Enfield rifles were refurbished during World War II with newly manufactured High Standard barrels with 4-groove rifling and Johnson Automatics barrels which had 2-groove rifling.^[18]

Variants[edit]

The M1917 action made from nickel-steel proved very strong, and was used as the basis for a variety of commercial and gunsmith-made sporting rifles in standard and magnum calibers between the world wars and after. Later, Remington Arms redesigned the M1917, removing the 'ears' and changing it to cock-on-open, to become the Remington Model 30 series of rifles in the interwar period.

Remington Model 1934 rifles based on Model 30 actions were produced in 7×57mm as service rifles for Honduras. In 1934 500 Remington Model 1934 were delivered and in 1935 2,500.

Additional surplus rifles were bought by European arms distributors and converted to 7.92×57mm Mauser, then sold for use in the civil war in Spain during the 1930s.

X Force was the name given to a portion of the Chinese Army equipped and trained by the US during World War II. One of the weapons given to X Force was the M1917 rifle. These rifles were too big for the small-statured Chinese soldiers so the barrels and stocks were shortened from an overall length of 46 inches for the standard M1917 to a 41-inch rifle.^[19]

Users[edit]

• Afghanistan^[20]
• Canada^[21]
• Republic of China^[22]
• People's Republic of China^[14]
• Denmark: Received after 1945 and known as 7.62mm G M/53.^[23] Currently in service with the Slædepatruljen Sirius in Greenland.^[21]
• Ethiopian Empire: received after World War II.^[24]
• France: Known as the Fusil à répétition 7 mm 62 (C. 30) M. 17^[25] (Repeating rifle 7.62mm (calibre .30) model 17)
• Honduras: Remington Model 1934 variant chambered for 7×57mm^{[citation needed]}
• Ireland: Around 20,000 used by the Local Defence Force during the Emergency (World War II)
• Japan: Captured during World War II^[26]
• North Korea^[22]
• Norway: In 1952 Norway received 24992 P-17 rifles from Britain in exchange for their inventory of .303 rifles which were acquired during and after WW2.^[27]
• Philippines
• South Vietnam^[28]
• Spanish Republic^[29]
• United Kingdom^[21]
• United States: Used by United States Army And United States Marine Corps
• Vietnam: Used by Việt Minh, some sold by the Nationalist Chinese.^[30] Also used by the Viet Cong.^[31]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^'FM 23-6 Basic Field Manual: U.S. Rifle, Caliber .30, M1917, 20 October 1943'(PDF). ibiblio.org. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
2. ^Schreier, Philip American Rifleman (January 2009) p.80
3. ^http://www.guns.com/2012/10/24/remington-m1917-enfield-rifle/Guns.comThe Remington M1917 Enfield Rifle: A forgotten veteran? by Chris Eger (10/24/2012)
4. ^Canfield, Bruce N. (2018). 'One of the Great Decisions'. American Rifleman. National Rifle Association. 166 (8): 43–46&70.
5. ^Ferris, C.S. United States Rifle Model of 1917. p. 54.
6. ^http://www.nramuseum.org/the-museum/the-galleries/america-ascending/case-57-world-war-i-allies-the-world-at-war,-1914-1918/us-winchester-model-1917-bolt-action-rifle.aspxArchived 2013-05-10 at the Wayback Machine National Firearms Museum 'U.S. Army Sergeant Alvin York carried an Enfield in 1917 when he won the Medal of Honor for capturing nearly the whole German army.'
7. ^'Archived copy'. Archived from the original on 2013-09-21. Retrieved 2010-08-31.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
8. ^Sergeant York Patriotic Foundation: 'Sgt. Alvin C. York's Diary: October 8, 1918'Archived November 27, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, accessed September 25, 2010
9. ^Morton, Louis (1953). 'U.S. Army Forces, Far East'. The War in the Pacific - The Fall of the Philippines. United States Army in World War II. Washington D.C.C: Center of Military History, United States Army. pp. 28–29. LCCN53-63678. CMH Pub 5-2.
10. ^'Philippines pt.2: WWII weapons used 1946–2018'. wwiiafterwwii.wordpress.com. November 18, 2018.
11. ^Reyeg, Fernando M.; Marsh, Ned B. (December 2011). The Filipino Way of War: Irregular Warfare through the Centuries (Master Thesis). Naval Postgraduate School. pp. 79–80, 97. hdl:10945/10681.
12. ^Canfield, Bruce N. (2004). 'Marine M1917? Not!'. American Rifleman. National Rifle Association. 152 (5): 29.
13. ^Stephen M Cullen, In Search of the Real Dad's Army, Pern & Sword Books Linmited 2011, ISBN978-1-84884-269-4 (p.132)
14. ^ ^abRottman, Gordon L. (December 2002). Korean War Order of Battle: United States, United Nations, and Communist Ground, Naval, and Air Forces, 1950–1953. Praeger. p. 199. ISBN978-0-275-97835-8.
15. ^'Hærens Kamp- og Ildstøttecenter'. www.facebook.com. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
16. ^The U.S. Rifle, caliber .30, M1917 ©2003 By Dick Culver
17. ^Dunlap, Roy, Ordnance Went Up Front, Samworth Press (1948), p. 301
18. ^Culver, Dick (2003). The U.S. Rifle, caliber .30, M1917. http://www.odcmp.org/503/rifle.pdf: Civilian Marksmanship Program. p. 9.
19. ^'The M1917 Carbine - The Firearm Blog'. thefirearmblog.com. 16 January 2015. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
20. ^Bhatia, Michael Vinai; Sedra, Mark (May 2008). Small Arms Survey (ed.). Afghanistan, Arms and Conflict: Armed Groups, Disarmament and Security in a Post-War Society. Routledge. p. 65. ISBN978-0-415-45308-0.
21. ^ ^abc'M1917 rifle in 21st-century Greenland'. wwiiafterwwii.blogspot.com. July 24, 2015.^{[self-published source]}
22. ^ ^ab'Model 1917 Enfield Rifle'. awm.gov.au. Australian War Memorial.
23. ^Smith, Joseph E. (1969). Small Arms of the World (11 ed.). Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: The Stackpole Company. pp. 326–327.
24. ^Scarlata, Paul (Mar 1, 2009). 'Ethiopian military rifle cartridges: Part 2: from Mauser to Kalashnikov'. Shotgun News.
25. ^Manuel du Grade TTA 116 (in French). Berger-Levrault. 1956-03-19. p. 218.
26. ^Scarlata, Paul (November 2013). 'From Arisaka to assault rifle: The military rifle cartridges of Japan part 2'. Shotgun News.
27. ^Karl Egil Hanevik (1998). Norske Militærgeværer etter 1867.Hanevik Våpen. p. 371. ISBN8299314313
28. ^Windrow, Martin (15 Nov 1998). The French Indochina War 1946–54. Men-at-Arms 322. Osprey Publishing. p. 41. ISBN9781855327894.
29. ^de Quesada, Alejandro (20 Jan 2015). The Spanish Civil War 1936–39 (2): Republican Forces. Men-at-Arms 498. Osprey Publishing. p. 38. ISBN9781782007852.
30. ^Windrow, Martin (20 Sep 2018). French Foreign Légionnaire vs Viet Minh Insurgent: North Vietnam 1948–52. Combat 36. Osprey Publishing. pp. 24–25. ISBN9781472828910.
31. ^'Model 1917 Enfield Rifle : North Vietnamese Military Forces'. awm.gov.au. Australian War Memorial.

External links[edit]

• SurplusRifle.com – United States Rifle Model 1917*FM 23-6 Basic Field Manual: U.S. Rifle, Caliber .30, M1917, 20 October 1943
• Small Arms of WWI Primer 028: U.S. Rifle Model of 1917 on YouTube

Winchester Enfield Model 1917 Serial Numbers